Integrating the Arabic Language Learning Model into English Instruction: An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Linguistic Competence

Authors

  • KHOIRUL UMAM IAIN PONTIANAK

Keywords:

Kata Kunci: Integrasi lintas-linguistik, model pembelajaran bahasa Arab, pembelajaran bahasa Inggris, Pondok Pesantren, pendekatan 3C., Keywords: Cross-linguistic integration, Arabic language learning model, English language learning, Islamic boarding school, 3C approach.

Abstract

The mastery of English as a lingua franca faces significant challenges among non-native learners, particularly those with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This study aims to explore the integration of an Arabic language learning model into English instruction as a cross-linguistic approach to enhance linguistic competence. The research was conducted at Pondok Pesantren Darussholah Pontianak using a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group (employing Arabic integration) and a control group (using conventional methods). The findings indicate that the integrative approach based on the 3C model (Communicative, Collaborative, Constructive) significantly improves students’ linguistic abilities, particularly in vocabulary mastery, grammar, and text analysis. Statistical analyses (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U Test) confirmed significant differences between the two groups, with the experimental group attaining a higher average post-test score of 75.60 compared to the control group’s 67.63. Moreover, the integration of Arabic language elements—such as grammatical analogies (comparing fi‘il māḍī and muḍāri‘ with English tenses) and text analysis techniques (istikhraj al-fawā’id)—proved effective in facilitating cross-linguistic knowledge transfer. This study contributes practical insights for the development of bilingual curricula in Islamic boarding schools and offers recommendations for educators to optimize contextual, learner-centered cross-linguistic approaches. The theoretical implications further extend the understanding of language interdependence (interdependence hypothesis) within the context of Islamic education.    

References

Abboud, K., Golovneva, Y., & Dipersio, C. (2022). Cross-lingual transfer for low-resource Arabic language understanding. 225–237. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.wanlp-1.21

Abu-Rabia, S., & Sanitsky, E. (2010). Advantages of Bilinguals Over Monolinguals in Learning a Third Language. Bilingual Research Journal, 33(2), 173–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2010.502797

Abutalebi, J., & Green, D. (2007). Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20(3), 242–275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.10.003

Aiken, L. R. (1980). Content Validity and Reliability of Single Items or Questionnaires. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40(4), 955–959. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316448004000419

Alhawary, M. T. (2011). Modern standard Arabic grammar: A learner’s guide. John Wiley & Sons.

Almelhes, S., & Alsaiari, H. (2024). A Conceptual Framework for Teaching Arabic as a Second Language. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1407.18

Amaraweera, S. (2022). Shift in the ESL Classroom: Effectiveness of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in English as a Second Language (ESL) Settings. SLIIT Journal of Humanities and Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4038/sjhs.v3i1.51

Amrina, A., Amelia, A., & Nicholas, T. (2024). A Review of Integrated Curriculum Models in Language Teaching. Lingeduca: Journal of Language and Education Studies. https://doi.org/10.70177/lingeduca.v3i2.1339

Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25.

Andrian, R., & Yul, W. (2023). Arabic Teaching Efficacy Model (ATEM): A Language Teaching Model Design. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 23(2 SE - Table of Contents), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v23i2.468

Baddeley, A. (2003). Working memory and language: an overview. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36(3), 189–208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4

Bahrick, H. P. (1984). Semantic memory content in permastore: fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113(1), 1.

Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. Multilingual matters.

Baker, J. (2022). Overcoming the Challenge: A New Model Approach. In 1 Edition. Jenny Stanford Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003200277-5

Bari, S., Alnumay, Y., Alzahrani, N., Alotaibi, N., Alyahya, H., AlRashed, S., Mirza, F., Alsubaie, S., Alahmed, H., Alabduljabbar, G., Alkhathran, R., Almushayqih, Y., Alnajim, R., Alsubaihi, S., Mansour, M. Al, Alrubaian, M., Alammari, A., Alawami, Z., Al-Thubaity, A., … Khan, H. (2024). ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and English. ArXiv, abs/2407.1. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.15390

Barnett, S. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2002). When and where do we apply what we learn?: A taxonomy for far transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 612.

Bawden, D. L., & Sonenstein, F. L. (1992). Quasi-experimental designs. Children and Youth Services Review, 14(1), 137–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-7409(92)90019-R

Benson, C. (2002). Transfer/Cross-linguistic influence. Elt Journal, 56, 68–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/ELT/56.1.68

Berken, J. A., Chai, X., Chen, J.-K., Gracco, V. L., & Klein, D. (2016). Effects of early and late bilingualism on resting-state functional connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(4), 1165–1172.

Bialystok, E. (2011). Reshaping the mind: the benefits of bilingualism. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 65(4), 229.

Binoy, B. (2017). Integrating Language Skills. DIU Journal of Humanities and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.36481/diujhss.v.04i1.whvegk79

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11092-008-9068-5

Borg, S. (2003). Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do. Language Teaching, 36(2), 81–109. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0261444803001903

Borg, S. (2019). Language Teacher Cognition: Perspectives and Debates BT - Second Handbook of English Language Teaching (X. Gao (ed.); pp. 1–23). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58542-0_59-1

Boudelaa, S., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (2005). Discontinuous morphology in time: Incremental masked priming in Arabic. Language and Cognitive Processes, 20(1-2), 207–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960444000106

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

Chung, S. C., Chen, X., & Geva, E. (2019). Deconstructing and reconstructing cross-language transfer in bilingual reading development: An interactive framework. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 50, 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.01.003

Coyle, D., Hood, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). Content and language integrated learning (Vol. 221). Cambridge university press Cambridge.

Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage publications.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research resign qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.

Csillik, É. (2022). Intercultural Challenges of Teaching in Multilingual/Multicultural Classrooms. In I. R. Management Association (Ed.), Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education (pp. 481–499). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3690-5.ch025

Cummins, J. (1979). Linguistic Interdependence and the Educational Development of Bilingual Children. Review of Educational Research, 49(2), 222–251. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543049002222

De Galbert, P. (2020). Language transfer theory and its policy implications: exploring interdependence between Luganda, Runyankole-Rukiga, and English in Uganda. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1788038

Denzin, N. K. (2012). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(2), 80–88.

Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 11, 1–10.

Dörnyei, Z. (2014). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Routledge.

Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2009). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (Vol. 36). Multilingual Matters.

Douglas, D. (2001). Language for Specific Purposes assessment criteria: where do they come from? Language Testing, 18(2), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800204

Durgunoğlu, A. (2002). Cross-linguistic transfer in literacy development and implications for language learners. Annals of Dyslexia, 52, 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11881-002-0012-Y

Ellis, R. (2015). Understanding second language acquisition 2nd edition. Oxford university press.

Elvin, J., & Escudero, P. (2019). Cross-Linguistic Influence in Second Language Speech: Implications for Learning and Teaching BT - Cross-Linguistic Influence: From Empirical Evidence to Classroom Practice (M. J. Gutierrez-Mangado, M. Martínez-Adrián, & F. Gallardo-del-Puerto (eds.); pp. 1–20). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22066-2_1

Ferguson, C. A. (1959). Diglossia. Word, 15(2), 325–340.

Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. California: SAGE Publisher.

Freedman, B. (1990). Pedagogy, Psychoanalysis, Theatre: Interrogating the Scene of Learning. Shakespeare Quarterly, 41(2), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.2307/2870447

Fullan, M. (2016). The new meaning of educational change. Teachers college press.

Gamallo, P. (2020). The Impact of Linguistic Knowledge in Different Strategies to Learn Cross-Lingual Distributional Models. IOS Press Ebooks. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA200322

Hefner, R. W. (2010). Muslims and modernity : culture and society since 1800. Cambridge University Press. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB03896240

Heift, T., & Schulze, M. (2007). Errors and intelligence in computer-assisted language learning: Parsers and pedagogues. Routledge.

Hornberger, N. H. (2003). Afterword: Ecology and Ideology in Multilingual Classrooms. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 6(3-4), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050308667787

Horwitz, E. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112–126. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0267190501000071

Jabeen, B. (2023). Issues and Challenges in Learning English as a Second Language and its Mitigation . Journal of the Faculty of Education, 11(17 SE - الرئيسي), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.60037/edu.v1i17.1189

Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A. (2008). Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. Routledge.

Jessner, U. (2008). Multicompetence Approaches to Language Proficiency Development in Multilingual Education BT - Encyclopedia of Language and Education (N. H. Hornberger (ed.); pp. 1552–1565). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_118

Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (2005). Participatory Action Research: Communicative Action and the Public Sphere (pp. 559–604). Sage Publications Ltd. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/26655/

Khamis-Dakwar, R., & Froud, K. (2019). Diglossia and language development. In The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Sociolinguistics (pp. 300–313). Routledge.

Kirschner, P. A. (2006). Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructivist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experiential, and Inquiry-Based Teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75–86.

Kotz, S. A. (2009). A critical review of ERP and fMRI evidence on L2 syntactic processing. Brain and Language, 109(2), 68–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2008.06.002

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.

Labidi, A. (n.d.). Arabic cultural/educational and linguistic background as factors affecting EFL writing performance.

Lantolf, J. P., & Poehner, M. E. (2004). Dynamic assessment of L2 development. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.v1.i1.49

Laufer, B., & Girsai, N. (2008). Form-focused Instruction in Second Language Vocabulary Learning: A Case for Contrastive Analysis and Translation. Applied Linguistics, 29(4), 694–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amn018

Leleka, T. O. (2022). Teaching English In The Conditions of World Globalization and Digitalization of Society. Scientific Notes Series: Pedagogical Sciences, 207 SE - Статті, 185–189. https://doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-207-185-189

Levin, H. M., & McEwan, P. J. (2001). Cost-effectiveness analysis: Methods and applications (Vol. 4). Sage.

Li, P., Legault, J., & Litcofsky, K. A. (2014). Neuroplasticity as a function of second language learning: Anatomical changes in the human brain. Cortex, 58, 301–324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.05.001

Malkan, M. A., Jannah, W., & Jamhuri, R. K. (2022). Arabic Language Skills Development Through The Application Of Language Disciplines In Modern Islamic Boarding Schools/ تطوير مهارات اللغة العربية وجعلها نظاما للتواصل في المعهد الإسلامي العصري. Jurnal Al-Maqayis, 9(2), 215. https://doi.org/10.18592/jams.v9i2.6857

María Cristina Alonso Vázquez. (2005). Transfer and Linguistic Context in the Learning Process of English Negative Structures. Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies, 31(2005), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.200510381

Marian, V., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). Cross-linguistic transfer and borrowing in bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28, 369–390. https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271640707018X

Mateus, S. G. (2014). Translanguaging: Language, Bilingualism, and Education. Bilingual Research Journal, 37(3), 366–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2014.965361

Mayer, R. E. (2002). Multimedia learning. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 41, pp. 85–139). Elsevier.

Mechelli, A., Crinion, J., Noppeney, U., O’Doherty, J. P., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Price, C. J. (2004). Neurolinguistics: structural plasticity in the bilingual brain. Nature, 431(7010), 757. https://doi.org/10.1038/431757A

Melby-Lervåg, M., & Lervåg, A. (2011). Cross-Linguistic Transfer of Oral Language, Decoding, Phonological Awareness and Reading Comprehension: A Meta-Analysis of the Correlational Evidence. Journal of Research in Reading, 34, 114–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-9817.2010.01477.X

Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x

Necula, G. (2022). New Perspectives on The Acquisition of Language Skills. Education and New Developments 2022 – Volume I. https://doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end001

Niamat Ullah, Abrar Ahmed, & Khalid Sabawoon. (2023). The Analysis of Linguistic Barriers Faced By Efl Learners In English Speaking Skills. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT, 2(1 SE - Articles), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.53664/JSSD/02-01-2023-05-57-71

Nikula, T., Dafouz, E., Moore, P., & Smit, U. (2016). Conceptualising integration in CLIL and multilingual education (Vol. 101). Multilingual Matters.

Nunan, D. (1998). Second Language Teaching & Learning. https://consensus.app/papers/second-language-teaching-learning-nunan/84780d756dc45b3b849238c48c8185f6/

Omoroghomwan, Os. (2017). a Literature Review on “Contextuallearning.” Theories of Instruction and Learning, 9(26), 245–267.

Pallant, J. (2020). Ebook: SPSS Surival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using IBM SPSS. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Rakhimberganovna, N. F., Karimboyevich, A. K., & Nuraddinovna, J. G. (2019). The Principles of Language Teaching. 115–118. https://consensus.app/papers/the-principles-of-language-teaching-rakhimberganovna-karimboyevich/7a64a05a37ea5c6399692e6a62de993d/

Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372.

Rogers, B. (1998). Descriptive Analysis of Research Data. AAOHN Journal, 46(5), 266–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507999804600507

Saiegh-Haddad, E., & Henkin-Roitfarb, R. (2014). The Structure of Arabic Language and Orthography BT - Handbook of Arabic Literacy: Insights and Perspectives (E. Saiegh-Haddad & R. M. Joshi (eds.); pp. 3–28). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8545-7_1

Schmidt, R. W. (1990). The Role of Consciousness in Second Language Learning1. Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129–158. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/11.2.129

Sengupta, N., Sahu, S. K., Jia, B., Katipomu, S., Li, H., Koto, F., Afzal, O. M., Kamboj, S., Pandit, O., Pal, R., Pradhan, L., Mujahid, Z. M., Baali, M., Han, X., Aji, A. F., Liu, Z., Hock, A., Feldman, A., Lee, J., … Xing, E. (2023). Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models. ArXiv, abs/2308.1. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.16149

Shohamy, E. (2017). Critical Language Testing BT - Language Testing and Assessment (E. Shohamy, I. G. Or, & S. May (eds.); pp. 1–15). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02326-7_26-1

Sparks, R., Patton, J., Ganschow, L., & Humbach, N. (2009). Long‐term crosslinguistic transfer of skills from L1 to L2. Language Learning, 59(1), 203–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00504.x

Stoker, H. W., King, F. J., & Foster, B. F. (1981). The Class as an Experimental Unit. Evaluation Review, 5(6), 851–859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X8100500608

Svitlana Khrystiuk. (2022). The Formation of Foreign Language Communicative Competence In The Context of The English Perception As a Global Lingua Franca. International Journal of Philology, 9(3), 356–363.

Tomlinson, B. (2012). Materials development for language learning and teaching. Language Teaching, 45(2), 143–179. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0261444811000528

Van Hell, J. G., & Tanner, D. (2012). Second language proficiency and cross‐language lexical activation. Language Learning, 62, 148–171.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society (M. Cole, V. Jolm-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman (eds.)). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4

Wiggins, G. (1998). Educative Assessment. Designing Assessments To Inform and Improve Student Performance. ERIC.

Witt, P. L., & McGrain, P. (1985). Comparing Two Sample Means t Tests. Physical Therapy, 65(11), 1730–1733. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/65.11.1730

Worden, R. (2021). A Theory of Language Learning. ArXiv, abs/2106.1. https://consensus.app/papers/a-theory-of-language-learning-worden/0cf1892534c6518d9a604a8484e1594a/

Yang, M., Cooc, N., & Sheng, L. (2017). An investigation of cross-linguistic transfer between Chinese and English: a meta-analysis. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-017-0036-9

Yang, Y., & Piantadosi, S. (2017). One model for the learning of language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021865119

Published

2026-01-05

How to Cite

UMAM, K. (2026). Integrating the Arabic Language Learning Model into English Instruction: An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Linguistic Competence. Serunai : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 11(2). Retrieved from https://www.ejournal.stkipbudidaya.ac.id/index.php/ja/article/view/1846