Model Laboratorium Virtual Berbasis AR-AI untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dalam Pembelajaran Abad ke-21

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate an Augmented Reality–Artificial Intelligence (AR–AI)–based virtual laboratory model to enhance students’ science process skills in 21st-century learning. The research employed a research and development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The virtual laboratory was designed by integrating augmented reality to provide interactive and immersive scientific visualizations and artificial intelligence to deliver adaptive feedback and personalized learning support. Expert validation was conducted to examine the content accuracy, instructional design, and media feasibility of the developed model. The effectiveness of the virtual laboratory was tested through a quasi-experimental design involving secondary school students, with data collected using science process skills tests, observation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results revealed that the AR–AI–based virtual laboratory model achieved high levels of validity and practicality and was suitable for classroom implementation. Furthermore, students who participated in learning activities using the virtual laboratory demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in science process skills compared to students who experienced conventional laboratory-based learning. The findings also indicated positive student responses in terms of learning engagement, motivation, and conceptual understanding. The discussion highlights that the integration of augmented reality and artificial intelligence supports inquiry-based learning by facilitating observation, experimentation, data interpretation, and scientific reasoning, while overcoming the limitations of traditional laboratories related to time, resources, and safety. In conclusion, the AR–AI–based virtual laboratory model is an effective and innovative learning solution for improving science process skills and supports the implementation of technology-enhanced science education aligned with the demands of 21st-century learning.