Model, Prosedur, dan Implementasi Research and Development (R&D) dalam Penelitian Pendidikan: Sebuah Kajian Literatur Naratif

Lilis Saputri; Dewi Rulia Sitepu; Khairina Afni

doi:10.37755/sjip.v12i1.2466

Authors

Lilis Saputri Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan open-ended terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan kepercayaan diri. Peneliti ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu, dengan desain penelitian pretest and post-test control group design. Populasi adalah siswa kelas X SMK Putra Anda Binjai, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelas. Sampel pada kelompok eksperimen berjumlah 23 orang. Data dalam kelompok kontrol berjumlah 23 orang. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi rederhana. Tes yang digunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang dinyatakan validitor dan siswa data valid . dengan data normalitas 8,83 normal, data homogenitas 0,917 Homogen, dan data hipotesis 0,925 normal. Dengan rata-rata tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif kelas eksperimen sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran adalah 67,56 dan 68,41. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji-r, setelah dilakukan perhitungan diperoleh nilai r_hitung kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas eksperimen adalah 0,925 sedangkan r_tabel 0,396, Pengujian hipotesis dalam uji-r juga dilakukan perhitungan diperoleh nilai r_hitung kepercayaan diri siswa kelas eksperimen adalah 0,907 sedangkan r_tabel 0,396. Maka dapat disimpulakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendekatan open-ended terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan kepercayaaan diri pada materi SPLDV dikelas X SMK Putra Anda Binjai.
Dewi Rulia Sitepu STKIP Budidaya
Khairina Afni STKIP Budidaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37755/sjip.v12i1.2466

Keywords:

development models, educational innovation, educational research, narrative literature review, Research and Development (R&D)

Abstract

Research and Development (R&D) is a research approach that focuses on the systematic development, validation, and refinement of educational products. The increasing application of R&D in educational research highlights the need for a comprehensive review of its concepts, characteristics, procedures, implementation, and the comparative features of various R&D models. This study aims to analyze and synthesize the fundamental concepts, characteristics, development procedures, implementation, as well as the strengths and limitations of widely used R&D models in educational research. The study employed a Narrative Literature Review (NLR) method by examining relevant scientific sources, including journal articles, books, conference proceedings, and other scholarly publications. Data were analyzed using a descriptive-comparative approach through the stages of identification, selection, classification, synthesis, interpretation, and presentation of findings. The results indicate that the Borg & Gall, ADDIE, Dick and Carey, Four-D (4D), and Plomp models share the common objective of producing valid, practical, and effective educational products, while differing in development stages, complexity, and implementation scope. Borg & Gall provides a comprehensive framework for large-scale product development, ADDIE offers a simple and flexible approach, Dick and Carey emphasizes systematic instructional design, Four-D is particularly suitable for instructional material development, and Plomp adopts an iterative prototyping process. Therefore, selecting an appropriate R&D model should be based on the research objectives, product characteristics, user needs, and available resources. This review provides a comprehensive reference for researchers and educational practitioners in selecting suitable R&D models to support the development of high-quality educational innovations.

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