Model, Prosedur, dan Implementasi Research and Development (R&D) dalam Penelitian Pendidikan: Sebuah Kajian Literatur Naratif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37755/sjip.v12i1.2466Kata Kunci:
Inovasi pembelajaran, Kajian literatur naratif, model pengembangan, penelitian pendidikan, Research and Development (R&D)Abstrak
Research and Development (R&D) merupakan salah satu pendekatan penelitian yang berorientasi pada pengembangan, validasi, dan penyempurnaan produk pendidikan secara sistematis. Meningkatnya penggunaan metode R&D dalam penelitian pendidikan mendorong perlunya kajian yang komprehensif mengenai konsep, karakteristik, prosedur, implementasi, serta perbandingan berbagai model R&D yang telah berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis konsep dasar, karakteristik, tahapan, implementasi, serta keunggulan dan keterbatasan beberapa model R&D yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan metode Narrative Literature Review (NLR) dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber ilmiah berupa artikel jurnal, buku, prosiding, dan dokumen ilmiah yang relevan. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-komparatif melalui tahap identifikasi, seleksi, klasifikasi, sintesis, interpretasi, dan penyajian hasil kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model Borg & Gall, ADDIE, Dick and Carey, Four-D (4D), dan Plomp memiliki tujuan yang sama, yaitu menghasilkan produk pendidikan yang valid, praktis, dan efektif, namun berbeda dalam struktur tahapan, tingkat kompleksitas, serta ruang lingkup implementasinya. Borg & Gall lebih komprehensif untuk pengembangan produk berskala besar, ADDIE lebih sederhana dan fleksibel, Dick and Carey berorientasi pada sistem pembelajaran, Four-D efektif untuk pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran, sedangkan Plomp menekankan pengembangan prototipe secara iteratif. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan model R&D perlu disesuaikan dengan tujuan penelitian, karakteristik produk yang dikembangkan, kebutuhan pengguna, serta ketersediaan sumber daya. Kajian ini diharapkan menjadi referensi bagi peneliti dan praktisi pendidikan dalam menentukan model R&D yang paling sesuai untuk menghasilkan inovasi pembelajaran yang berkualitas.
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